Turkiye — Education spending
Government Education Spending (% of GDP) for Turkiye, 1978–2022.
Education spending for Turkiye was 3.10% in 2022, according to the latest World Bank data. The series covers 24 years, from 1978 to 2022. The highest recorded value was 4.63% in 2016. The lowest was 0.00% in 1998 (about n/a). Across that span the compound annual growth rate works out to -0.77% per year.
Turkiye ranks 131 of 172 economies on this measure (1 = highest), putting it in the top 76%. The median for Europe & Central Asia is 4.59%, so Turkiye sits below it. It peaked in 2016 and has fallen 33% since. Over the last decade (2012–2022) the figure moved down 29%. Within Europe & Central Asia it ranks 39 of 45 economies; Albania (3.09%) is just below it. Its sharpest one-year move was up 123% in 1993. That is 26% below this series' own ten-year average.
Data highlights
World ranking. Slipped: 25th of 51 in 1978 → 95th of 157 in 2020 → 108th of 150 in 2022.
Key figures
Full history — 1978 to 2022
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 3.1% | -0.4 pp |
| 2021 | 3.54% | -0.5 pp |
| 2020 | 4.03% | -0.4 pp |
| 2019 | 4.45% | +0.2 pp |
| 2018 | 4.3% | -0.0 pp |
| 2017 | 4.32% | -0.3 pp |
| 2016 | 4.63% | +0.3 pp |
| 2015 | 4.31% | -0.1 pp |
| 2014 | 4.41% | +0.1 pp |
| 2013 | 4.34% | -0.0 pp |
| 2012 | 4.39% | +0.2 pp |
| 2011 | 4.22% | — |
| 1998 | 0% | -2.3 pp |
| 1995 | 2.25% | -1.2 pp |
| 1994 | 3.42% | +0.1 pp |
| 1993 | 3.37% | +1.9 pp |
| 1986 | 1.51% | -0.2 pp |
| 1985 | 1.74% | -0.3 pp |
| 1984 | 2.03% | -0.6 pp |
| 1983 | 2.65% | +0.9 pp |
| 1982 | 1.75% | -0.5 pp |
| 1981 | 2.21% | -0.7 pp |
| 1979 | 2.92% | -1.4 pp |
| 1978 | 4.35% | — |
Frequently asked questions
What was Turkiye’s Education spending in 1979?
2.92% (1979). The full year-by-year table above lists every published year, most recent first.
Are changes in this series measured in percentage points?
Yes. The series is a share expressed in % of GDP, so year-over-year movements in the Change column are percentage points (pp), not percent.
Is Turkiye’s Education spending growing or shrinking?
Between 1978 and 2022 the series was shrinking overall: -28.8% in total — about 0.8% a year compounded.
Where does this data come from?
World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0), indicator SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS. Values are reproduced as published; this page only computes summary statistics such as change, CAGR and extremes.
What are the most recent published figures?
The last five published years: 2022: 3.1%; 2021: 3.54%; 2020: 4.03%; 2019: 4.45%; 2018: 4.3%. Earlier years are in the full-history table below.
Related data
SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS — Government Education Spending (% of GDP). Data licensed under CC BY 4.0. Values are reproduced as published; this page computes the summary statistics (change, CAGR, extremes) from the underlying annual series. View the original dataset on data.worldbank.org.